Periodization of the HIV prevention strategy in Cuba 1983–2022

Abstract

Introduction: Periodization allows us to analyze the history of processes and recognize relevant changes from the present. The Cuban HIV prevention strategy has national and international results, however, there are few publications on its historical course.
Objectives: Describe the periods and milestones that characterize the HIV prevention strategy:

Method: The methodology was qualitative, the techniques of participant observation, documentary review and expert interviews are used.

Results: From 1983 to 2021, four periods were identified, called preparation and first steps; strengthening the strategy; decentralization of prevention and post-COVID 19 reorientation actions and services. The milestones were identified in the areas of epidemiological surveillance, social marketing of condoms, intersectorality, and the care and participation of key populations.

Conclusions: The periodization of the strategy shows different approaches applied over time, the spiral development of the different actors in society towards social inclusion and the participation of the social sectors and government. The milestones make visible the transition of the HIV prevention strategy from a vision predominantly focused on the provision of health services by the health sector to a shared perspective, with key populations, the social sectors and the government.