Factors associated to patient empowerment in the context of coronavirus infection in Peru
Keywords:
coronavirus, health empowerment, decision-making, personal autonomy, patient involvement, Peru.Abstract
Introduction: The fight against coronavirus infection requires knowledge about how to cope with this disease, as well as awareness of its main characteristics and the leading role played by basic hygiene actions.
Objective: Determine the factors associated to patient empowerment in the context of coronavirus infection.
Methods: A multicenter analytical cross-sectional study based on a self-applied survey was conducted in Peru from March to May 2020. The "empowered patient" was defined by a 10-question survey (Cronbach's alpha: 0.83); four: basic knowledge about severity and contagion; two: who are the most harshly affected, and four: protection measures. Total scores were added together and compared with four socioeducational variables.
Results: Most of the 4 167 respondents were aware of the measures required to prevent contagion: hand and respiratory hygiene (both with 65% respondents very much in agreement). Multivariate analysis revealed that people with a technical educational level were less empowered about the disease (coefficient: 0.39; CI95%: 0.15-0.98; p=0.046). Comparison between respondents under no risk for complications, the health personnel (coefficient: 1.77; CI 95%: 1.01-3.09; p=0.045) and the health personnel under some sort of risk (coefficient: 4.73; CI 95%: 1.46-15.31; p=0.010) showed that the latter were the most empowered about the disease. These comparisons were adjusted for respondent sex, age and location.
Conclusions: The health personnel were found to be the most highly empowered about COVID-19, due to the job they do, and showed to have the broadest knowledge about transmission and prevention topics.
Downloads
References
Chua MSQ, Lee JCS, Sulaiman S, Tan HK. From the frontlines of COVID‐19 – How prepared are we as obstetricians: a commentary. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gy. 2020;1471-0528.16192. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16192
Zhao WM, Song SH, Chen ML, Zou D, Ma LN, Ma YK, et al. The 2019 novel coronavirus resource. Yi Chuan Hered. 2020;42(2):212. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.20-030
Tian S, Hu N, Lou J, Chen K, Kang X, Xiang Z, et al. Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing. J Infect. 2020;80(4):401-6. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.018
Cheng JL, Huang C, Zhang GJ, Liu DW, Li P, Lu CY, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Henan. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi Zhonghua Jiehe He Huxi Zazhi Chin J Tuberc Respir Dis. 2020;43(0):E027. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200222-00148
Li M, Gu S-C, Wu X-J, Xia J-G, Zhang Y, Zhan Q-Y. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in 2019 novel coronavirus disease: indications, timing, and implementation. Chin Med J. 2020;133(8):1-8. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000778
Cheng LT-E, Chan LP, Tan BH, Chen RC, Tay KH, Ling ML, et al. Déj? Vu or Jamais Vu? How the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Experience Influenced a Singapore Radiology Department’s Response to the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic. Am J Roentgenol. 2020;214(5):1–5. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.22927
Morens DM, Daszak P, Taubenberger JK. Escaping pandora’s box—another novel coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(14):1293-1295. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2002106
Pan C, Zhang W, Xia JA, Liu H, Du B, Qiu HB. Noninvasive Respiratory Support for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: Enough is Enough. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2020;59(0):E006. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2020.0006
Singh RK, Dhama K, Chakraborty S, Tiwari R, Natesan S, Khandia R, et al. Nipah virus: epidemiology, pathology, immunobiology and advances in diagnosis, vaccine designing and control strategies – a comprehensive review. Vet Q. 2019;39(1):26-55. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2019.1580827
Goraichuk IV, Davis JF, Kulkarni AB, Afonso CL, Suarez DL. A 25-Year-Old Sample Contributes the Complete Genome Sequence of Avian Coronavirus Vaccine Strain ArkDPI, Reisolated from Commercial Broilers in the United States. Microbiol Resour Announc. 2020;9(9):e00067-20. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00067-20
Goraichuk IV, Davis JF, Kulkarni AB, Afonso CL, Suarez DL. Complete Genome Sequence of Avian Coronavirus Strain GA08 (GI-27 Lineage). Microbiol Resour Announc. 2020;9(9):e00068-20. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00068-20
Lai S, Qin Y, Cowling BJ, Ren X, Wardrop NA, Gilbert M, et al. Global epidemiology of avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in humans, 1997–2015: a systematic review of individual case data. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2016;16(7):e108-18. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00153-5
Kapata N, Ihekweazu C, Ntoumi F, Raji T, Chanda-Kapata P, Mwaba P, et al. Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020;93:233-6. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.049
Xu J, Shi P-Y, Li H, Zhou J. Broad Spectrum Antiviral Agent Niclosamide and Its Therapeutic Potential. ACS Infect Dis. 2020;1:0c00052. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00052
Bordi L, Nicastri E, Scorzolini L, Di Caro A, Capobianchi MR, Castilletti C, et al. Differential diagnosis of illness in patients under investigation for the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), Italy, February 2020. Eurosurveillance. 2020;25(8):2000170. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.8.2000170
Zhang H-W, Yu J, Xu H-J, Lei Y, Pu Z-H, Dai W-C, et al. Corona Virus International Public Health Emergencies: Implications for Radiology Management. Academic Radiology. 2020;27(4):463-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2020.02.003
Zhou X. Psychological crisis interventions in Sichuan Province during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak. Psychiatry Research. 2020;286:112895. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112895
Zhan S, Yang YY, Fu C. Public’s early response to the novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):534. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1732232
World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected [Internet]. 2020. WHO [Accessed on March 30, 2020]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratoryinfection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected.
- IPSOS Perú. Coronavirus: 95% de la población apoya aislamiento social obligatorio, según IPSOS [Internet]. 2020; IPSOS [acceso: 30 de marzo, 2020].Disponible en: https://canaln.pe/actualidad/coronavirus-95-poblacion-respalda-aislamiento-social-obligatorio-segun-ipsos-n409018.
- Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Documentos técnicos - Enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) - OPS / OMS [Internet]. 2020; OPS [citado 1 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/en/technical-documents-coronavirus-disease-covid-19.
- Arashiro T, Furukawa K, Nakamura A. COVID-19 en 2 personas con síntomas leves del tracto respiratorio superior en un crucero, Japón. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020: 26(6):1-5. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.200452
- Ministerio de Salud. Coronavirus: medidas de prevención en el trabajo [Internet]. 2020; MINSA [citado 1 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.gob.pe/8737-ministerio-de-salud-coronavirus-medidas-de-prevencion-en-el-trabajo.
- Ministerio de Trabajo. Coronavirus: Ministerio de Trabajo aprobó guía para prevenir y actuar ante casos [Internet]. 2020; MINTRA [citado 1 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://canaln.pe/actualidad/coronavirus-ministerio-trabajo-aprobo-guia-prevenir-y-actuar-ante-virus-n407784
- Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(13):1199-207. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316
- Velavan TP, Meyer CG. The COVID-19 epidemic. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2020;25(3):278-80. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13383
- Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, Pu K, Chen Z, Guo Q, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020;94:91-5. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017
- Organización Mundial de la Salud. Brote de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19): orientaciones para el público. [Internet]. 2020; OMS [citado 1 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public
- Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias – Ministerio de Sanidad de España. Información Científica-Técnica: Enfermedad por Coronavirus, COVID-19. Actualización; 26 de marzo 2020 (versión 2). [Internet]. 2020; MSE [citado 1 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov-China/documentos/20200326_ITCoronavirus.pdf
- Pereyra R. Afrontamiento y estrés en el marco del modelo de los cinco factores de la personalidad. PSOCIAL.2017; 3(2):39-45. Disponible en: http://publicaciones.sociales.uba.ar/index.php/psicologiasocial/article/download/2635/2278
- Banda A, Morales M. Empoderamiento psicológico: un modelo sistémico con componentes individuales y comunitarios. Revista de Psicología. 2015; 33(1): 5-20. Disponible en: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0254-92472015000100001&lng=pt&nrm=iso
- Redacción Cluster Salud. Así se enfrenta el coronavirus desde la enfermería en España. [Internet]. 2020, Cluster Salud [citado 1 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://clustersalud.americaeconomia.com/gestion-hospitalaria/asi-se-enfrenta-el-coronavirus-desde-la-enfermeria-en-espana
- Federico Steinberg. Coronavirus: amenaza económica, respuesta política e implicaciones. [Internet]. 2020, el cano [citado 1 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/wcm/connect/f2f9912e-13bf-4dbe-94ee-5b5383ab9142/ARI22-2020-Steinberg-Coronavirus-amenaza-economica-respuesta-politica-e-implicaciones.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=f2f9912e-13bf-4dbe-94ee-5b5383ab9142
- Síndrome de Burnout entre profesionales de la salud | American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy | Oxford Academic [Internet]. [citado 1 de abril de 2020]. Disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/ajhp/article/75/3/147/5102013
- Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet Lond Engl. 2020; 395(10227):912-20. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
- Zhou X. Psychological crisis interventions in Sichuan Province during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 28(6):112-895. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112895
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
La Revista Cubana de Higiene y Epidemiologia protege los derechos de autor, y opera con una Licencia Creative Commons 4.0.(Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-No Comercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0).Al publicar en ella los autores permiten copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato; remezclar, transformar y crear a partir del material. Debe reconocer adecuadamente la autoría, proporcionar un enlace a la licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ e indicar si se han realizado cambios. No puede utilizar el material para una finalidad comercial. No hay restricciones adicionales.
Los autores autorizan la publicación de sus escritos conservando los derechos de autoría, y cediendo y transfiriendo a la revista todos los derechos protegidos por las leyes de propiedad intelectual que rigen en Cuba, que implican la edición para difundir la obra.
Los autores podrán establecer acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarla en un repositorio institucional o publicarla en un libro), con el reconocimiento de haber sido publicada primero en esta revista.
